​Despite sharing a surname with her husband, no relationship has been found between them.

​The birthdate, sibilings, and ancestry here all assume that the person known as Robert Huntington is the same as Henry Gesner Huntington. How this would have come to be is mysterious, but at this point I would characterize the DNA and other evidence in support of this hypothesis as overwhelming.

Robert’s claims that he was born in Texas and soon orphaned thus appear to be false, as are most other claimed details of his early life.

​His death record gives his birthdate as 1838 Jun 25. The 1839 date is given by Rider (1959), citing Rider (1922). Similarly, details on William’s parents, including date of marriage, comes from this source. William’s parentage is strongly indicated, though not proven, by census records. His birth was given as 1840 Jun 25 on his gravestone.

For the reasons noted under his father, some or all of these siblings might (for example) be only half-siblings.

I find the 1866 marriage date from Rider (1959) suspicious, as it means it was eight years before they had a child. Census records place the marriage in 1868, still on the early side. However, they are evidently married by the 1870 census.

The records of his daughter Edith’s commitment to an insane asylum include information on William and others. The judge’s report of 1915 Jun 21 lists William as also “distinctly” “insane” along with other of his daughters, and living under the guardianship of one Leslie A. Severy. It concludes uncomplementarily, “These are very porr [sic] and very shiftless people. Degenerate.”

​See comments under Nathaniel Elliott °044 for the mixed DNA evidence.

​Her gravestone incorrectly shows her maiden name as “Burke”.

​Date of birth may be 1838.

​“Die 17 Augusti 1853 nata et 18 Augusti 1853 baptizata suit Catharina Riley filia Danielis et Helenae Riley (olim Donnivan) Conj. Patrinus Thoma Fitzgerald et Matrina Maria Broderick a me Gulielmo Knight Miss. Apos.” — St. Mary on the Quay baptism

​DNA evidence strongly suggests a “break” in the Rider/Ryder line around this point, in that either Nathan is not the biological father of W.H.H., or not the biological son of Nathan Sr. (the Deacon). Rather, it may be that my male line goes back to Nicholas Rich (c1660–c1723) of Salem, MA, or (less likely) one of his close relatives. As such, Nathan’s mother’s line is continued but considered uncertain, while beyond his father’s parents I have substituted what are most likely my Rich ancestors.

The evidence for this is summarized beneath the fold:

​His stated ages vary wildly, making his year of birth hard to pin down.

​Her stated place of birth varies between VT and Scotland. Her son John Sidney’s death record lists her mother’s birthplace as “aboard ship—Atlantic Ocean”, which, being rather specific, should be credible. But her apparently younger sister Betsey is consistently recorded as born in Scotland, which seems hard to square unless this family made multiple migrations, or the ages are somehow off (or this is just wrong).

Her children (and me) were disinherited in her father’s will (after her death): “... excluding the heirs of Margaret (Fraser) Burt from all benefit to be derived from the kinship of their mother.”

Some online genealogies identify the Fraser family’s place of origin as Knockbain (in Scotland), but with no credible sourcing or even corroboration. It may be entirely based on an erroneous identification.

​His brother Cirino is an ancestor of actor Al Pacino, making him and me 4th cousins, once removed.

​Sometimes spelled Rausa.

She married at 14 and had a child 4 days after her 16th birthday.

​The name of his 1st wife is not easy to read, and no record of the marriage has been found, but it is alluded to in the record of his marriage to Giuseppa. Better knowledge of Italian may elucidate what happened in this case.

​Her recorded ages are 25 at marriage in 1836, 23 at birth of son in 1838, 80 at death in 1891; the second seems to be the odd one out.

​“James D. McPherson, colonel in Va. state militia many years and wife Julia Ann NIXON of Leesburg, Va., moving to Tenn.... James D. McPherson apparently descends from Stephen McPherson of a pioneer Va. group of Quaker McPherson [sic] who came into Va., extensively listed in a large collection, ‘Frederick Friends’, a publication of recent years, and probably came from Pa. and were settled in Pa. as immigrants in early days of William Penn’s colony. These 2 branches of McPhersons in Rhea county, Tenn. came into each others [sic] acquaintance there apparently in the 1840s, some 35 years after the arrival of Daniel McPherson’s branch in Roane and Rhea counties, Tenn. and to date no report has indicated that either branch ever connected themselves far enough back to indicate anything except a possible common ancestry in Scotland. Neither branch in Tenn. ever recognized the other as kin.” (McPherson 1951)

The above references the independent settlement of Tennessee by another McPherson clan, descendants of Daniel McPherson of MD. DNA evidence now confirms their distinctness from Stephen of PA’s line. The comments about James’s ancestry are equivocal, and his sources include an assortment of obscure publications and personal correspondence, which would be difficult if even possible to sort out. I have not seen the Quaker records (the aforementioned “Frederick Friends”), but it is presumed the marriage in MD is recorded there, and confirms the next generation, perhaps even the descent from Stephen. The details of this found in secondary sources match up with the primary records I have, as well as the (conjectural) line in Trimble (1995). So, despite some reservations, I am here accepting this line as valid. More work should surely be done.

A marriage intention on the noted date was filed for a James D. McPherson and “Juliann Slane”. With some stretching, the latter could be a match, as “Juliann” is not so far from “Julia”/“Juliet” and “Slane” was her mother’s maiden name, which she may have used, or which may have been recorded in a garbled entry.

There is DNA evidence corroborating at least that Sarah was his mother.

​The name Julia is found more commonly in secondary sources, but McPherson (1930) insists Juliet/Juliette is correct, and that is the name on her gravestone (spelled as here).

​A “James Franklin” is mentioned as a child of his putative father in the latter’s will. In addition, a descendant (Chris Moon) claims to have a letter from this James to his brother William which confirms his parentage. https://mlarchives.rootsweb.com/listindexes/emails?listname=&thread=25892288

​Sometimes spelled Sidney.

​Henderson is often listed with the nickname “Hance” and as a child of Noah and Darcus Fisher. However, this appears to be rooted in confusion with his cousin Hance H. Fisher who married Sarah Humberd; Hance and Henderson are listed with different families in the 1870 census and are plainly not the same person.

A Henderson is listed as a child of Henry in this book. Given the similarity in places and names (including recurring names), and the lack of other Hendersons, it seems fairly certain this is the same person.

​Presumed to have died by 1870 since he is not listed with the family in the census; meanwhile, his daughter Melvina is listed as two years old.

There is a strong case that Dennis is the son of John McClendon: (1) John’s family are the only other McClendons in Eastern Tennessee in 1850, and they live near Dennis’s family in Rhea County. (2) The 1840 census shows John living in Rhea County with a male aged 15–20, otherwise unaccounted for. (3) Dennis named his eldest daughter Nancy.

DNA evidence now also confirms that John and Nancy were Dennis’s parents, due to an X-chromosome match to an X-descendant of Nancy.

Dennis’s place of birth is listed as TN on all census records, but given his siblings’ birth sequence, NC is far more likely, and he could easily be mistaken about this as he moved to TN around age 5.

​Gibbs’s brother Abraham was the inventor of kerosene.

​The inferred dates of birth for Thomas’s sibling and siblings-in-law tend to vary from record to record and so may not be reliable. His naturalization gives the above exact birth date.

​Her age at death (of asthma) is given as 33y11m7d, which is arithmetically inconsistent with this death date, but puts her birth around the noted date.

Her unusual last name had many spelling variations, especially Gallery. If it had not “daughtered out” in America, it seems Gelray would’ve been established.

​I am tentatively identifying the 1819 Daniel Riley as Ellen’s husband. The 1891 census identifies our Daniel’s birthplace as Bandon, and a search of County Cork records show that “Daniel Riley” is an uncommon name there, and there is a baptism at the right place at about the right time. Also, the 1819 Daniel had a sister named Catherine, and a Catherine Barry was a witness to Daniel’s baptism; either could be the source of his daughter’s name.

​My earliest traceable matrilineal ancestor. It is likely she was baptized and thus almost as likely born in Clonakility, since it was traditional for a woman to be married in the parish she was baptized in, and because one of her marriage witnesses is named Donovan, which suggests her family was in the vicinity. A large number of baptisms of girls named Ellen Donovan are found in the Clonakilty registers, but no way yet to determine which (if any) is the right one.

I have assigned her the made-up haplogroup H1c8a, on the theory that the two defining H1c8 mutations 1462A and 14182A may eventually be found not coextensive.

​This entry is kept as a placeholder even though, as discussed under his son, he is unlikely to be my ancestor. Rather, the actual person in this slot is probably one of the Rich sons of the sibilings enumerated under the entry for his father.

See the further Ryder ancestry for Nathan and his ancestry.

​He moved to Illinois after “having met with financial misfortune”, according to his son Henry’s obituary.

The township of East Nelson, IL is named after Philip’s eldest son.

​Land records have confirmed my previous inference that she was likely a daughter of Tristram and Hannah.

​Oddly, and annoyingly, no birth record of Nathaniel is extant, unlike all the other NH-born children of this family. Stearns et al. (1908) (p.1744) and an analogous “State of Maine” book assign him to Edmund and Mehitable, the former with a birth of 1764, although as pointed out by Gedge and Kraft (2013) this is incompatible with his older brother Ephraim’s birth (1764 Dec 08). Chase (1869) does not mention Nathaniel as a child of this family.

A discussion of DNA evidence is beneath the fold:

​Presumed to be deceased by 1840 since not noted in the census with her husband.

​Presumably he is the husband of “Alma” listed as mother of Amos Cole (b c1817) on the latter’s death record; perhaps this is a copying error and there was no Alma, or she is a step-mother. Cleora cannot it seems be Amos’s mother because she was still married to Henry Carpenter in 1821 when she had her child Ezekiel Dunton Carpenter (1821–1827).

Thomas is listed twice in the 1860 census in Wisconsin, once married to “Cleora”, and once to “Comfort”, obviously both his last wife noted above, with varying ages. It must be simply by mistake that he was listed in two places, perhaps by another family member providing the information at a second address and getting the ages wrong.

​Probably alive in 1820 and even 1830.

​Various posted genealogies assign him as a son of Benoni and Louisa, which is reasonable, as they had a large family at the right place and time, but I have not seen direct proof.

Moses Fleming is a somewhat baffling case, largely because there appear to be two people of that name who live in close association. The 1855 NY census corroborates the 1850 federal census (for which I had initially dismissed the duplicate Moses as a clerical error); one Moses is listed as born in Essex co. and married to Irena, the other unmarried and born in Oneida co., with (not necessarily meaningfully) different ages. Further, both are living with a “Relief Fleming” of similar but different ages.

The 1800 census lists only a single Fleming family in Essex co.: Benoni’s. Barring quick-footed families and odd coincidences, this makes it very likely this Moses is one of Benoni’s children. What happened to the other Moses’s family is hard to say; perhaps he was an orphaned nephew of Benoni. Or perhaps this Moses is, in which case the descent here from Benoni’s father Thomas is valid even if this generation is not.

​The main direct evidence I’ve found for Irena’s maiden name is her daughter Alzina Relief (m. Parker West)’s death record in Eugene, OR. I have since found records for other children also listing this name.

I’m also leaning on DAR for Elijah being her father; Moses and Elijah are listed consecutively in the 1830 census, which renders it believable.

​Not the more famous Mormon of the same name, who was born in Concord, VT in 1798, and was a polygamist.

​“In 1812 Jedediah Burt, a shoemaker by profession, known by the nickname Crapo, who then resided near the mouth of Platt river, accidentally fell into the stream and was drowned to all appearance, but luckily was taken from the water in time, so that by strong and thorough application of proper means he was reanimated. It so happened that whilst the operation of restoring him was going on that a Methodist preacher came that way, and, when he had recovered his consciousness and speech, questioned him as to his thoughts and feelings whilst in the water drowning, and one question put was: ‘Did you not think when drowning of dying and going into eternity unprepared?’ ‘Yes,’ said Burt, ‘I thought some about dying, but a [damn] sight more about living.’ This was an uncivil and ungodly answer truly; but it is a leading principle in man’s nature. Mankind almost universally reflect but little about dying, but bestow all their thoughts upon living.” — The Vermont Historical Gazetteer

​Sybil’s maiden name remains an enigma. Even her first name is spelled a variety of ways in Vermont’s indexes, clearly due to garbling.

A possible theory is that she is the daughter Sybil born 1787 Aug 02 to Elisha/Elijah and Anne (Gibbs) Allen from CT. Two of her children were named Elijah and Allen, and this family was in Sudbury, VT around 1790 but then seems to have moved to Williston, close to where Jedediah and Sybil married. Sybil’s son Oramel was in 1880 living with a couple Hiram and Ellen Allen (as a “pauper”, along with many other, probably unrelated, people). Both Sybil’s daughter Berintha and Sybil Allen’s brother Elisha later moved to the same general area of southern Michigan. This remains a guess, however.

​Her name is variously written as “Aly”, “Ely”, “Alex”, “Ella”, “Alla”, and once even “Agnes”, unless that is somehow a different person or an error.

​No death record has been found for him despite searching the (small) bracket of time he must have died in, unless some record is in error.

​Her death record lists her as 90 years old, which is implausibly high, even given that advanced ages are often vague estimates. However, it’s hard to believe this could be a different Rosa Cracò, widow of Benedetto Latteri.

​That Arcangela, wife of Filadelfio, is the same as Arcangela, wife of Salvatore and daughter of Carmelo, is attested by her son Filadelfio’s marriage record, where she is described as “vedova in primo luogo di Filadelfio Todaro ed in secondo di Salvatore Catanzaro”.

​Trimble (1995) says that “although there is no proof”, John was “probably” the son of Joseph. This conclusion does seem probable and, for the reasons noted under his son, I am accepting this line. More evidence would be nice.

​A damaged gravestone presumed to be of her says she died on the given date aged 94y9m. The month of birth is lost, but the day and year are 24 and 1790, so the month would be May (rounding) or Apr (less likely, rounding down). Census records indicate she was born in 1788 or 1789; the stone may be more credible as it gives an exact date.

​Claimed to be s/o Jacob and Silvia Ladd. I have not seen the evidence for this. Based on deed records, Silvia’s maiden name has been conjectured to be Tanner.

DNA evidence has convincingly connected me to the larger Ladd family, even if the precise line of descent is uncertain.

​Bean (2002) provides a compelling case for his origin.

​The 1818 marriage record is the earliest I have found of her existence, and has her name as Taylor, but according to the 1850 census she would have been about 31 then, and it is not improbable that she had a previous marriage and this is not her maiden name.

Her origins remain obscure, although there are many assertions, most claiming she is part Cherokee. She is often speculated to be the matrilineal great-granddaughter of the famous Nancy Ward, but DNA has all but disproven that; her haplogroup is European, while a descendant of Ward has been tested as haplogroup C1c. Indeed, the DNA suggests she may not be part-Cherokee at all, or at least cannot be through her maternal grandmother.

​Available McClendon genealogies say that John is the son of Dennis, son of Jesse and Elisabeth (Ball), but I have not seen the evidence. DNA testing has shown the McClendon name is Irish (not Scottish as formerly believed), a conclusion already suggested by Barbadian records.

Autosomal DNA testing has strengthened claims John is descended from this family. More work needs to be done.

​Nancy remains quite an enigma. It is clear she is the mother of some, and thus perhaps all, of John’s children, and DNA evidence supports this. However, the 1840 census implies John’s first wife is older than him, whereas later censuses have Nancy about a year younger, but ages are too often inaccurate, and the numbers close enough, for this to be decisive.

No marriage or death record for either spouse has been found. We can only guess at Nancy’s maiden name.

DNA suggests she may be closely related to Rebecca °576, wife of Arthur Monday.

​Huntington (1915) does not make clear (perhaps not knowing) which of Caleb’s two wives are the mothers of which of his children. Chronology suggests that the first wife, identified only as “Miss Sohne”, is the mother of at most his first two children, and thus not John.

​Had a twin named Abraham. British loyalist during the American Revolution.

​The birth comes from the Cossitt et al. (1925), p. 15, but does not seem to be documented in Boston.

​Or, perhaps Mary.

​It is possible her father’s name was Joseph, since her son was named Joseph Wiley Gelray.

​The DNA and connected evidence suggests my agnatic descent from the son of one of the known male children in the following siblingry. I am placing this entry at this generation based on plausible chronology, although it could possibly be off by one.

Charles, Jacob, and Joseph and their known children have no documented ties to VT (and in some cases no documented sons). Thomas, Elisha, Nathaniel, Caleb, and Ebenezer are thus the main candidates, and their issue is given in more detail. Ebenezer is marginal; one son of his lived in New Haven only a few years and probably not at the right time. Elisha is also doubtful; he had only one adult son, and the family lived in more distant Pittsford and moved to Troy, PA around 1805. Thus it’s probably Thomas, Nathaniel, or Caleb.

Caleb’s family lived in New Haven, making them physically the closest, in fact basically adjacent; also, Caleb’s wife’s family had a pattern of (doctrinally rationalized) adultery. I have an autosomal match to a descendant of Thomas’s daughter Judith, although this might be through a wholly different line.

Due to the uncertainty, I am limiting to six generations back; further information is on the Elisha and Mary Rich page.

​Her husband Ebenezer Rider was a British Loyalist who fled after the Revolution and received a New Brunswick land grant as reward. His brother Zadoc was also a Loyalist, but though his property was forfeited he was able to stay. His brothers John, Reuben, and Christopher, on the other hand, sided with the Revolution.

She evacuated with her husband to British-held Long Island, but did not live to see the end of the war and her family’s expulsion to Canada.

Because Ann is unlikely to be my ancestor and is only included because there is no better candidate and she is not completely disproven, her ancestry is not on this page but collected on the further Ryder ancestry page.

​Abi is referenced in Wakefield and Stover (1998) with this birthdate and in the DAR files with both dates, but I have not found what source these claims come from, nor any further details on her. This birth seems rather unlikely, as it would mean she married at 14 and had her first child at 15. There are a number of other credible candidates. One is a daughter of Aaron and Abigail (Doolittle) born in 1742/3, although I have not seen any evidence favoring her, either. There are also a number of Parkers born at the right time in Willington; although none known are named Abi, it could be a nickname (for something other than Abigail). There also seems to be an Abigail Parker born in nearby Coventry, who is William’s 2nd cousin.

​So-called “Hessian” soldier. Rented out by Duke Charles I and sent to America to fight for the British. Served under General Friedrich Adolf Riedesel. Captured at the Battle of Saratoga, marched with other POWs in the “Convention Army” towards Virginia. Escaped between Enfield and Suffield, CT (see Smith 2009) on perhaps 1778 Nov 18. His age is given as 24 years, 8 months, but it is not clear what date that is relative to (Smith says “computed from some fixed date in 1780 not stated in the original document”, but that may not be true of “deserters”); comparison with other soldiers suggests it may be a date in mid-1779. A review of the records of Kirchbrak show one very good match.

​I have an argument involving land records and other sources basically establishing Hannah’s parents.

​Perhaps the daughter of Edmund and Deborah, parents of Edmund °042, which would make Nathaniel and Anna first cousins. Almost certainly Hannah derives somehow from the same Elliott family.

​Bigamist. The repercussions of his double life continued for many decades, starting with two competing claims to his war pension. It was granted to Cynthia and denied Mary, likely because Cynthia appeared first, though his marriage to her would be legally invalid. This was called “an exceedingly mixed up affair”. One analyst decided there must have been two Gale Coles, but as later became clear, especially from Thomas’s testimony, there was but one. The justification in Cynthia’s favor that the first marriage was somehow not a real marriage was characterized by Hardon (1932) as “absurd”.

Gale lived his late years on a Maine farm with Cynthia and their children, numbering at least eight, sometimes visiting Mary and their children who were apparently oblivious to his other family.

​“Grandmother lived to be 77. She walked with an erect figure and a step as elastic as a girl of 18. She was a small woman, but with a great and heroic soul that struggled courageously against poverty to rear her children to become honest and respectable citizens.” — Dr. George R. Sanborn, her grandson (Thompson 1925)

Some confusion here about her life after coming to Vermont. She died while visiting the home of James Sanborn.

​Called Jr. to distinguish him from his older cousin.

​The marriage of Benoni and Louisa is mentioned and dated in his Rev War pension application, but does not seem to be in Cornwall’s records; the town clerk when requested (for said application) found no record of it. The date of the marriage was crucial to Louisa’s pension rights, which introduces a motive for lying; her sister-in-law Mary Ann Showers (presumably Benoni’s sister) corroborated her account in a sworn statement on 1838 Nov 28 in Ira, NY, providing the date and place of the marriage, and the transcriber attested to her being “a credible person of good character”.

​Squires is not generally a common name, and so plausible guesses for Louisa’s ancestry could be made; the large number of people so named in Cornwall indicates a family had moved in.

​There is good evidence but not solid proof that Timothy and Elizabeth are her parents.

​I am tentatively assigning him as a son of Reuben, for these reasons: (1) Reuben’s children are not well-documented, so Horatio could readily be one of them; (2) Reuben and Horatio lived in the same small town, and there are no other Binghams in the vicinity; (3) the ages fit; (4) Horatio named one of his sons Reuben.

Munger (1996) proposes four children of Reuben (Abner, Mary, Thomas, and Samuel), but Horatio is not among them.

Erastus gives his father’s birthplace as MA in 1880, while Horatio’s son James’s 1879 death record says bafflingly that it is Nova Scotia. The latter, probably provided by James’s wife, is presumably based on confused information but may point to Horatio having some tie to Canada; Reuben of course had gone to NB and long since died. (James’s mother is also said inexplicably to be Mary, from Weathersfield.)

In any case, all the Bingham lines that were in the VT region at this time converge at Thomas °1201 and Mary (Rudd), at which point most uncertainty is removed.

​Finding the origin of someone with such a generic name amidst the already sparse early New England records seems almost hopeless, but the nearby contemporary Johnsons in the censuses stem from the family of John Johnson (1731–1810) from NH; it is not yet clear whether Sarah can be reasonably assigned to this family. Also, an earlier settler of the town is named Josiah Johnson; his connection to any of the others is unknown. There is also is a Jeremiah Johnson buried in Weathersfield whose father and older brother are both named Josiah (relation to the other Josiah unknown) and who had a younger sister named Sarah born in MA in 1766 whose life we have no record of, but again no proof of identity, and he is unrelated to John.

Her place of birth comes from her children’s statement on the census that their mother was born in VT, which is notoriously unreliable. If the theory that she was a daughter of John is right, she would probably have been born in NH.

​It is my own inference that this Samuel is the son of Jabez.

It mostly fits that this is the same Samuel who married Anna, but this is not certain.

He is pretty clearly not the Samuel M. Lewis who died in 1827 in Springfield, as that may have been the husband of Nancy Oakes.

​Her death date is given as 1806 in Stiles (1895), but there’s good reason to think Anna was her widower’s 2nd wife, and he married her in 1804.

Her birth is recorded in Hollis, NH, although Stiles (1895) says the four youngest in her family (including Sarah) were born in Pittsfield. I’m provisionally assuming the record does not reflect the place of her birth.

​A “Robert Burts” is mentioned in earlier Canaan records, but it appears this is Benjamin.

​“Her ancestry has not been ascertained despite diligent search.” (Smith and Sanborn 2001)

“Mrs. Burt came to our house to live as a nurse. She then informed me that she was a widow, and came from Canaan, New Hampshire, and that she had several children then living; that she was married and resided in said Canaan and that she had suffered greatly during the revolutionary war, having several small Children to provide for during the time her husband was in the service.” — Sally Johnson

The death record saying she died in 1839 is a forgery prepared by her physician and an accomplice to fraudulently collect a Revolutionary War pension, which they then mostly embezzled.

A plausible hypothesis is that she was the daughter of William Fox Jr., one of the early settlers of Canaan. She would have been too young to come on her own, and William’s name appears on several early town records and is the only Fox.

DNA evidence suggests she is of the Fox family descended from German immigrant Johann Phillip Fox.

​The only evidence we have for his name is from his son David’s death record.

​Probably the same Filadelfio husband of Rosalia Emanuele, likely Angela's mother, both of who died by 1821.

​His wife, and thus almost certainly Marianna's mother, is likely Rosalia Catanzaro.

​Her name was (at least posthumously) often shortened to Fioriti.

​Surname may be Gammino (with some spelling variation) or Travaglia.

​This thread provides abundant sourced information on this family: https://www.ancestry.com/boards/thread.aspx?mv=flat&m=2435&p=localities.northam.usa.states.virginia.counties.loudoun

​Nancy's parents are unidentified, but there is a good case that she is a granddaughter of Daniel Slane. The primary evidence is (1) the uncommonness of the name Slane, (2) her specified birthplace as VA in the 1850 and 1860 censuses, (3) from early censuses, very few Slanes in the country, and a handful in VA in 1810 all documented descendents of Daniel, (4) documented connections between this Slane family and the Nixon family, and (5) the name Nancy matching Daniel's supposed wife.

Daniel had five known sons. Their existence is documented in census records, wills, tax records, and marriage records, none of which give any indication of further sons, at least not living to parenthood in this area, which we would expect to leave some paper trail. His two youngest may be excluded, both as chronologically unreasonable and because one had a different Nancy already. This leaves three candidates for this slot: Hugh, James, and John.

Each of these has documented children, none of who are named Nancy, but records are incomplete. One of Jonah and Nancy's sons was named John, very weakly suggesting him; if so, his wife and my ancestor's name was Phebe Hyatt. Also, the families of Hugh and James seem to be better documented, and Hugh moved to Ohio early on bringing his children. Those two brothers married Largent sisters, who were Phebe's maternal half-sisters. So, I provisionally fill in this person's unknown wife's mother.

​See notes under her husband °432. The argument by “process of elimination” is not of course ideal.

​A court record from 1824 appears to confirm John's parents, indeed even mentioning Elizabeth (Hardwick) Ladd. Him being called “Jr.” in his marriage record may be to distinguish him from his uncle John.

​Her mother's maiden name may have been Burton.

​Colonel in the Revolutionary War. No record found yet indicates his origin. I had believed that DNA supported his connection to Augustus Roddy (born around 1790) of Mississippi who married Prudence Hopkins, but new evidence has mostly undermined this support.

​Her maiden name may have been Fisher.

​Although we don't have a maiden name, we may know a segment of her DNA through inference; this evidence also suggests she may be closely related to Nancy °554, wife of John McClendon.

​Mentioned in Huntington (1915) with no other information, not even the name of her husband.

​Her gravestone wrongly reads “Shurtless”. Hm....

​Said to have had three sons and four daughters.

“Buried Wm. Hill Esq. the Comptroler [sic] who exercised himself in every Xian Grace & virtue.” (St. George's burial record)

An Ancestry tree gives his death as 1802 Dec 07. Since the author seems unaware of the NS burial, it would be surprising if this were a lucky fabrication.

​I had thought she might be the Rebecca Curtis who married a William Hill in Salem in 1769, but it looks like William was the Loyalist of that name who moved to Shelburne, NS, whose wife was this Rebecca. He later have moved to Cape Breton, and his wife may have returned to Boston after his death (or before).

​It seems reasonable to identify the Ebenezer who married Catherine and fathered Tabitha as being the same Ebenezer born in Enfield in 1712 and Hannah (Simms)'s widower. The dates match up well, but direct proof is lacking. A search for other men named Ebenezer Prior in this area yielded only his two sons, the first of who died age 6, and the second of who married Mary Thompson.

​It is possible that Catherine and Hannah are sisters, but documentation so far is silent.

​Crafts and Temple (1899) has him born in Athol, but birth records say Hatfield.

​It is not certain that the Abigail Carter who married Ezekiel was the 1686 daughter of John and Martha, but it's a very good fit. (Hoyt 1894, Amesbury VR)

​The DAR formerly accepted claims of Jonathan's Revolutionary service, but no longer does (pending further evidence).

It's not clear the same Jonathan Cole married both women.

​The Fish family of Cape Cod can probably be traced, with a guess to Rhoda's placement.

​Not many records of Mercy exist. She is mentioned in the Taunton marriage and in her paternal grandfather’s will.

​Despite his Revolutionary (and French & Indian War) service, Reuben later moved to a Loyalist hotbed in NB, and took a loyalty oath to the king, for unclear reasons. (Munger 1996)

That Horatio was said in James's death record to have been born in Nova Scotia may be a confused reference to his family residing in eastern Canada.

Presumed dead by 1831 when not listed in the census.

​Munger (1996) gives this as Reuben's wife. She (or someone named Mary) is listed with him in the Great Manan census, and also in Windham church records as admitted in 1767, perhaps soon after they married.

​Referenced in Radasch et al. (1996) (I think) but can't find any other reference to her.

​There seems to be no record indicating Sarah's maiden name.

​While Serafina's mother's name is not specified on her death record, a barely legible note scribbled in the margin of the index entry might indicate the missing name: The first word seems to be “Signora”, the last “madre”, and the middle word something like “be”.

​Mary is a difficult point in this pedigree.

Baughan (1999) identifies her as the daughter of John and Rachel. Other sources specifically mention the Monthly Meetings with specific dates, so they were probably simply copied from them. While I have no reason to doubt this data, I have not seen the sources. As long as she is at least a granddaughter of William and Olive, the Bagley/Brinton descent is still valid.

Trimble (1995) says that Mary was the mother of all of Stephen's children, but some interpose another wife, Mary Carter, as the mother of some later ones, including Joseph. I think it doubtful this person ever existed, but it adds another uncomfortable uncertainty.

​Birthdate calculated from gravestone, although it differs from what others have. Specific dates for birth and marriage are provided by certain sources; where these came from has not been determined.

The DAR gives this same birthdate, but has him born in Prince William co., VA.

Some sources have considerable information on his and his wife's ancestry in Ireland going back to England, but I haven't been able to confirm any of it.

​“[W]e do not know the name of Daniel Slane's first wife.... Some say her name was Nancy Ann McDonnel.... We have no evidence of this. However, we have published it in this biography in the hope that someone will either corroborate it or correct it.” (Phillips 2005)

​See discussion under °432 for how the latter two husbands are candidates for my ancestor.